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European Independence · France · Nuclear Deployment · Nuclear Strategy
French President Emmanuel Macron announced a new nuclear strategy aimed at strengthening European independence, which includes the potential for the first-time temporary deployment of French nuclear-armed aircraft to allied nations.
France also plans to increase its nuclear arsenal and will allow non-nuclear partners to participate in deterrence exercises. This move comes amid heightened European security concerns due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine and evolving geopolitical tensions.
Macron emphasized that France alone would retain decision-making authority over the use of its nuclear weapons. The strategy was discussed with several European countries, including the U.K., Germany, and Poland.
France currently possesses the largest nuclear arsenal in Europe outside of Russia, with approximately 290 warheads.
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